Perubahan Histologi Ginjal, Hati, dan Profil Protein Serum Broiler setelah Pemberian Imbuhan Pakan Serbuk Maggot

Herawati; Hilma Zulia  Faiza; Yohana Angelya  Sihombing; Krestel Joy V. Isla; Fajar Shodiq Permata

doi:10.46918/peternakan.v8i1.3069

Penulis

Herawati Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya
Hilma Zulia Faiza Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya
Yohana Angelya Sihombing Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya
Krestel Joy V. Isla College of Veterinary Medicine, Tarlac Agricultural University, Philippines
Fajar Shodiq Permata Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46918/peternakan.v8i1.3069

Kata Kunci:

Ayam broiler, histologi, imbuhan pakan, serbuk maggot, serum protein

Abstrak

Maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) merupakan sumber protein alternatif yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pakan (feed additive) pada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian tepung maggot terhadap perubahan histologi ginjal dan hati serta profil protein serum ayam broiler. Sebanyak 100 ekor DOC dibagi ke dalam lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol tanpa maggot dan perlakuan dengan tepung maggot 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Sampel organ dan serum dikumpulkan pada akhir fase starter dan finisher. Preparat ginjal dan hati dibuat menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin untuk mengukur diameter glomerulus dan lebar sinusoid, sedangkan analisis protein serum dilakukan menggunakan SDS-PAGE. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi tepung maggot menyebabkan peningkatan ukuran glomerulus ginjal dan pelebaran sinusoid hati dibandingkan kontrol, dengan perubahan terbesar pada level 20%. Analisis SDS-PAGE juga menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pita protein serum pada kelompok perlakuan, terutama pada level 5% dan 20%, yang menandakan perubahan komposisi protein plasma. Berdasarkan keseluruhan temuan, tepung maggot dapat digunakan sebagai tambahan pakan karena mampu memengaruhi respons fisiologis broiler melalui peningkatan aktivitas metabolik tanpa menunjukkan indikasi kerusakan organ yang berat. Namun, diperlukan kajian lanjutan untuk menentukan batas level pemberian yang paling aman dan optimal dalam jangka panjang.

Biografi Penulis

Herawati, Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya

Poultry nutrition

Referensi

Caimi, C., Gasco, L., Biasato, I., Malfatto, V., Varello, K., Prearo, M., Pastorino, P., Bona, M. C., Francese, D. R., Schiavone, A., Elia, A. C., Dörr, A. J. M., & Gai, F. (2020). Could Dietary Black Soldier Fly Meal Inclusion Affect the Liver and Intestinal Histological Traits and the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) Juveniles? Animals, 10(1), 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010155

Casotti, V., & D’Antiga, L. (2019). Basic Principles of Liver Physiology. In L. D’Antiga (Ed.), Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation (pp. 21–39). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96400-3_2

Deabes, A. A., & Essa, A. (2024). Fluid and electrolyte imbalance in renal dysfunction. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 25(5), 316–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2024.03.006

El-Fakhrany, H. H., Ibrahim, Z. A., Ashour, E. A., & Alagawany, M. (2025). The impact of in ovo injection of cluster bean peptide on hatchability, growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive enzymes, and blood indices of broiler chickens. BMC Veterinary Research, 21(1), 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04636-9

Gao, S., Zhang, Q., Liu, C., Shen, H., & Wang, J. (2023). Effects of maggot antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, immune function, and cecal flora of yellow-feathered broilers. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1156964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1156964

Hashem, M. A., Hassan, A. E. A., Abou-Elnaga, H. M. M., Abdo, W., Dahran, N., Alghamdi, A. H., & Elmahallawy, E. K. (2022). Modulatory effect of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on growth, immuno-biochemical alterations, DNA damage, and pathological changes in E. coli-infected broiler chicks. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 964738. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.964738

Herawati, & Permata, F. S. (2023). The Black Soldier Fly Maggot Powder as a Feed Additive Increased the Bodyweight and the Percentage of Palatability of Broiler Chicken. In Y. A. Yusran, F. G. M. Fitri, T. A. Wihastuti, F. A. Nugroho, & I. D. Qurbani (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2022 Brawijaya International Conference (BIC 2022) (Vol. 235, pp. 635–643). Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-140-1_63

Jiang, X., Mu, H., Hsieh, Y.-H. P., & Rao, Q. (2022). Isolation and Characterization of Chicken Serum Albumin (Hen Egg Alpha-Livetin, Gal d 5). Foods, 11(11), 1637. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111637

Lu, S., Taethaisong, N., Meethip, W., Surakhunthod, J., Sinpru, B., Sroichak, T., Archa, P., Thongpea, S., Paengkoum, S., Purba, R. A. P., & Paengkoum, P. (2022). Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) and Its Potential Uses as Alternative Protein Sources in Animal Diets: A Review. Insects, 13(9), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13090831

Marraskuranto, E., Permata, F. S., Chasanah, E., Martosuyono, P., & Ariyani, F. (2025). Immunostimulatory Activity without Pathological Effects of Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Clarias Catfish. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 20(4), 149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-025-10049-w

Mat, K., Abdul Kari, Z., Rusli, N. D., Rahman, M. M., Che Harun, H., Al-Amsyar, S. M., Mohd Nor, M. F., Dawood, M. A. O., & Hassan, A. M. (2022). Effects of the inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal on growth performance and blood plasma constituents in broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) production. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(2), 809–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.027

Permata, F. S., Amri, I. A., Nurmaningdyah, A. A., Mahardika, F., Budiarto, S., Vera, A. K. E., & Yulian, B. D. (2025). Antigen Removal Enhances Host Tolerance in Sheep-derived Xenogeneic Myocardial Scaffold: Modulating Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-025-00417-w

Permata, F. S., Paramanandi, D. A., Nobilla, N., Manalu, R. O., & Amalia, R. (2024). The Use of Triton X-100 Absolute with Variations of Immersion Time in The Decellularization Process of Intestinal and Myocardial Xenograft. Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan, 18(2), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v18i2.27712

Permata, F. S., Susilowati, R., Dharmastiti, R., Sirat, M. M. P., & Kartikasari, P. D. (2012). Optimization of Tissue Decellularization Method Based on Macroscopic and Microscopic Observation in The Sheep Peripheral Nerves. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 30(20), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.2606

Permata, F. S., Wardhana, A. W., Pratiwi, H., Pratama, D. A. O. A., & Mahendra, A. P. W. (2025). Biomechanical Strength and Anatomohistological Characteristics of Decellularized Bone from Goat as Bone Reconstruction Candidate. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 46(17), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i175218

Salahuddin, M., Abdel-Wareth, A. A. A., Hiramatsu, K., Tomberlin, J. K., Luza, D., & Lohakare, J. (2024). Flight toward Sustainability in Poultry Nutrition with Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Animals, 14(3), 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030510

Schrijvers, B. F., Rasch, R., Tilton, R. G., & Flyvbjerg, A. (2002). High protein-induced glomerular hypertrophy is vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent. Kidney International, 61(5), 1600–1604. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00310.x

Scurt, F. G., Ganz, M. J., Herzog, C., Bose, K., Mertens, P. R., & Chatzikyrkou, C. (2024). Association of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Obesity Reviews, 25(1), e13649. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13649

Śliżewska, K., Cukrowska, B., Smulikowska, S., & Cielecka-Kuszyk, J. (2019). The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Performance and the Histopathological Changes in Liver and Kidneys in Broiler Chickens Fed Diets with Aflatoxin B1. Toxins, 11(2), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020112

Tobar, A., Ori, Y., Benchetrit, S., Milo, G., Herman-Edelstein, M., Zingerman, B., Lev, N., Gafter, U., & Chagnac, A. (2013). Proximal Tubular Hypertrophy and Enlarged Glomerular and Proximal Tubular Urinary Space in Obese Subjects with Proteinuria. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e75547. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075547

Tothova, C., Sesztakova, E., Bielik, B., & Nagy, O. (2019). Changes of total protein and protein fractions in broiler chickens during the fattening period. Veterinary World, 12(4), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.598-604

Vlaicu, P. A., Untea, A. E., & Oancea, A. G. (2024). Sustainable Poultry Feeding Strategies for Achieving Zero Hunger and Enhancing Food Quality. Agriculture, 14(10), 1811. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101811

Xie, H., Rath, N. C., Huff, G. R., Balog, J. M., & Huff, W. E. (2001). Inflammation-induced changes in serum modulate chicken macrophage function. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 80(3–4), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00260-4