Perubahan Histologi Ginjal, Hati, dan Profil Protein Serum Broiler setelah Pemberian Imbuhan Pakan Serbuk Maggot

Herawati; Hilma Zulia  Faiza; Yohana Angelya  Sihombing; Krestel Joy V. Isla; Fajar Shodiq Permata

doi:10.46918/peternakan.v8i1.3069

Authors

Herawati Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya
Hilma Zulia Faiza Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya
Yohana Angelya Sihombing Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya
Krestel Joy V. Isla College of Veterinary Medicine, Tarlac Agricultural University, Philippines
Fajar Shodiq Permata Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46918/peternakan.v8i1.3069

Keywords:

Broiler chicken, feed additive, histology, maggot powder, serum protein

Abstract

Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot powder is increasingly explored as an alternative protein source and potential feed additive in broiler nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary BSF maggot powder on renal and hepatic histological changes as well as serum protein profiles in broiler chickens. A total of 100 day-old chicks were assigned to five groups: a control without maggot supplementation and four treatment groups receiving 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% maggot powder. Samples of kidney, liver, and serum were collected at the end of the starter and finisher phases. Kidney and liver tissues were processed using Hematoxylin–Eosin staining to measure glomerular diameter and sinusoidal width, while serum protein profiles were analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The results showed that maggot supplementation increased glomerular diameter and sinusoidal width across all treatment groups, with the greatest changes observed at the 20% level. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a higher number of serum protein bands in the maggot-supplemented groups, particularly at 5% and 20%, indicating alterations in plasma protein composition. Overall, BSF maggot powder can be used as a feed additive, as it induces physiological metabolic responses without evidence of severe organ damage. Further studies are needed to determine the most optimal and safe supplementation levels for long-term use.

Author Biography

Herawati, Pendidikan Dokter Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Brawijaya

Poultry nutrition

References

Caimi, C., Gasco, L., Biasato, I., Malfatto, V., Varello, K., Prearo, M., Pastorino, P., Bona, M. C., Francese, D. R., Schiavone, A., Elia, A. C., Dörr, A. J. M., & Gai, F. (2020). Could Dietary Black Soldier Fly Meal Inclusion Affect the Liver and Intestinal Histological Traits and the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers of Siberian Sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) Juveniles? Animals, 10(1), 155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10010155

Casotti, V., & D’Antiga, L. (2019). Basic Principles of Liver Physiology. In L. D’Antiga (Ed.), Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation (pp. 21–39). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96400-3_2

Deabes, A. A., & Essa, A. (2024). Fluid and electrolyte imbalance in renal dysfunction. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 25(5), 316–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpaic.2024.03.006

El-Fakhrany, H. H., Ibrahim, Z. A., Ashour, E. A., & Alagawany, M. (2025). The impact of in ovo injection of cluster bean peptide on hatchability, growth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive enzymes, and blood indices of broiler chickens. BMC Veterinary Research, 21(1), 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04636-9

Gao, S., Zhang, Q., Liu, C., Shen, H., & Wang, J. (2023). Effects of maggot antimicrobial peptides on growth performance, immune function, and cecal flora of yellow-feathered broilers. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1156964. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1156964

Hashem, M. A., Hassan, A. E. A., Abou-Elnaga, H. M. M., Abdo, W., Dahran, N., Alghamdi, A. H., & Elmahallawy, E. K. (2022). Modulatory effect of dietary probiotic and prebiotic supplementation on growth, immuno-biochemical alterations, DNA damage, and pathological changes in E. coli-infected broiler chicks. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 964738. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.964738

Herawati, & Permata, F. S. (2023). The Black Soldier Fly Maggot Powder as a Feed Additive Increased the Bodyweight and the Percentage of Palatability of Broiler Chicken. In Y. A. Yusran, F. G. M. Fitri, T. A. Wihastuti, F. A. Nugroho, & I. D. Qurbani (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2022 Brawijaya International Conference (BIC 2022) (Vol. 235, pp. 635–643). Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-140-1_63

Jiang, X., Mu, H., Hsieh, Y.-H. P., & Rao, Q. (2022). Isolation and Characterization of Chicken Serum Albumin (Hen Egg Alpha-Livetin, Gal d 5). Foods, 11(11), 1637. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111637

Lu, S., Taethaisong, N., Meethip, W., Surakhunthod, J., Sinpru, B., Sroichak, T., Archa, P., Thongpea, S., Paengkoum, S., Purba, R. A. P., & Paengkoum, P. (2022). Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) and Its Potential Uses as Alternative Protein Sources in Animal Diets: A Review. Insects, 13(9), 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13090831

Marraskuranto, E., Permata, F. S., Chasanah, E., Martosuyono, P., & Ariyani, F. (2025). Immunostimulatory Activity without Pathological Effects of Fish Protein Hydrolysate from Clarias Catfish. Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 20(4), 149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-025-10049-w

Mat, K., Abdul Kari, Z., Rusli, N. D., Rahman, M. M., Che Harun, H., Al-Amsyar, S. M., Mohd Nor, M. F., Dawood, M. A. O., & Hassan, A. M. (2022). Effects of the inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal on growth performance and blood plasma constituents in broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) production. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(2), 809–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.027

Permata, F. S., Amri, I. A., Nurmaningdyah, A. A., Mahardika, F., Budiarto, S., Vera, A. K. E., & Yulian, B. D. (2025). Antigen Removal Enhances Host Tolerance in Sheep-derived Xenogeneic Myocardial Scaffold: Modulating Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Responses in Mice. Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40883-025-00417-w

Permata, F. S., Paramanandi, D. A., Nobilla, N., Manalu, R. O., & Amalia, R. (2024). The Use of Triton X-100 Absolute with Variations of Immersion Time in The Decellularization Process of Intestinal and Myocardial Xenograft. Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan, 18(2), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v18i2.27712

Permata, F. S., Susilowati, R., Dharmastiti, R., Sirat, M. M. P., & Kartikasari, P. D. (2012). Optimization of Tissue Decellularization Method Based on Macroscopic and Microscopic Observation in The Sheep Peripheral Nerves. Jurnal Sain Veteriner, 30(20), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsv.2606

Permata, F. S., Wardhana, A. W., Pratiwi, H., Pratama, D. A. O. A., & Mahendra, A. P. W. (2025). Biomechanical Strength and Anatomohistological Characteristics of Decellularized Bone from Goat as Bone Reconstruction Candidate. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 46(17), 152–165. https://doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2025/v46i175218

Salahuddin, M., Abdel-Wareth, A. A. A., Hiramatsu, K., Tomberlin, J. K., Luza, D., & Lohakare, J. (2024). Flight toward Sustainability in Poultry Nutrition with Black Soldier Fly Larvae. Animals, 14(3), 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030510

Schrijvers, B. F., Rasch, R., Tilton, R. G., & Flyvbjerg, A. (2002). High protein-induced glomerular hypertrophy is vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent. Kidney International, 61(5), 1600–1604. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00310.x

Scurt, F. G., Ganz, M. J., Herzog, C., Bose, K., Mertens, P. R., & Chatzikyrkou, C. (2024). Association of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Obesity Reviews, 25(1), e13649. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13649

Śliżewska, K., Cukrowska, B., Smulikowska, S., & Cielecka-Kuszyk, J. (2019). The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Performance and the Histopathological Changes in Liver and Kidneys in Broiler Chickens Fed Diets with Aflatoxin B1. Toxins, 11(2), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020112

Tobar, A., Ori, Y., Benchetrit, S., Milo, G., Herman-Edelstein, M., Zingerman, B., Lev, N., Gafter, U., & Chagnac, A. (2013). Proximal Tubular Hypertrophy and Enlarged Glomerular and Proximal Tubular Urinary Space in Obese Subjects with Proteinuria. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e75547. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075547

Tothova, C., Sesztakova, E., Bielik, B., & Nagy, O. (2019). Changes of total protein and protein fractions in broiler chickens during the fattening period. Veterinary World, 12(4), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.598-604

Vlaicu, P. A., Untea, A. E., & Oancea, A. G. (2024). Sustainable Poultry Feeding Strategies for Achieving Zero Hunger and Enhancing Food Quality. Agriculture, 14(10), 1811. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101811

Xie, H., Rath, N. C., Huff, G. R., Balog, J. M., & Huff, W. E. (2001). Inflammation-induced changes in serum modulate chicken macrophage function. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 80(3–4), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00260-4