Reproduksi Sosial dan Dominasi Simbolik Nelayan di Lingkungan Ujung, Kabupaten Polman

Ahmad Zaki M; Suparman Abdullah; Mansyur Radjab

doi:10.46918/emik.v8i2.2973

Authors

Ahmad Zaki M Universitas Hasanuddin
Suparman Abdullah Universitas Hasanuddin
Mansyur Radjab Universitas Hasanuddin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46918/emik.v8i2.2973

Keywords:

Social reproduction, symbolic domination, habitus, capital, patron–client, punggawa, sawi

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanisms of social reproduction and symbolic domination within the patron–client (punggawa–sawi) relationships in the fishing community of Ujung Neighbourhood, focusing on how structural inequality persists through cultural and symbolic processes. The strength and novelty of this research lie in its application of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice as an analytical lens to move beyond one-dimensional economic explanations, enabling a dialectical understanding between individuals’ subjective experiences and the objective reality of the Ujung environment. Through this perspective, poverty and dependence are not seen as static conditions but as dynamic outcomes of the interaction among habitus, capital, and field in fishermen’s everyday practices.

Using a qualitative approach, this study was conducted in Lingkungan Ujung Kabupaten. Data were collected through in-depth interview and participative observation. There are ten informants involved in the study, consisting of three punggawa and seven sawi, who were selected using purposive sampling. They varied in age (between 30 and 60) and education level (between junior high school and S1).

The findings reveal that punggawa consolidate multiple forms of capital to maintain authority by: economic capital through boat ownership and market control; social capital through networks with traders and local authorities; cultural capital through maritime knowledge and leadership; and symbolic capital expressed in legitimacy and community respect. These intertwined capitals allow them to extend influence beyond economic relations into social and symbolic realms, normalizing domination as morally justified. Conversely, sawi possess limited capital and inherit a habitus of dependency, reinforcing subordination and limiting mobility. The study concludes that breaking this cycle requires interventions addressing both economic inequality and the sociocultural mechanisms that legitimize and perpetuate domination.

References

Arifin, Z. (2022). Kemiskinan Struktural dan Ketimpangan Sosial di Kalangan Nelayan Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Achmad, N. (2023). “Nelayan dan Kemiskinan: Analisis Modal Sosial Bertahan Hidup Nelayan di Kota Medan,” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 14(2):112–127, https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/jmm/article/view/5663, diakses tanggal 14 Mei 2025..

Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital dalam J. Richardson (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood, 241–258.

Bourdieu, P. (1990). The Logic of Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

BPS Polewali Mandar. (2021). Kabupaten Polewali Mandar dalam Angka. Polewali: BPS Polewali Mandar.

Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Falatehan, A. F., Mauluddin, M. F., & Hakim, A. K. (2022). “Studi Kualitatif tentang Jebakan Kemiskinan pada Masyarakat Pesisir di Pasuruan, Jawa Timur,” Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, 24(3):321–338, https://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/mra/article/view/10960, diakses tanggal 15 Mei 2025.

Haryatmoko. (2010). Dominasi Penuh Muslihat: Akar Kekerasan dan Diskriminasi. Jakarta: Gramedia.

Hoktaviandri. (2017). “Problematika Internal Nelayan Tradisional Carocok Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan: Studi Faktor-Faktor Sosial Budaya Penyebab Kemiskinan,” Jurnal Sosiologi Nusantara, 3(1):77–93, https://rjfahuinib.org/index.php/tabuah/article/view/19, diakses tanggal 10 Mei 2025.

Idham, I., Tamrin, S., & Damayanti, R. (2023). “Mekanisme Ketergantungan dalam Reproduksi Relasi Kuasa Punggawa Terhadap Sawi,” Jurnal Sosiologi dan Antropologi, 5(1): 45–60, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376988908_MEKANISME_KETERGANTUNGAN_DALAM_REPRODUKSI_RELASI_KUASA_PUNGGAWA_TERHADAP_SAWI, diakses tanggal 8 Mei 2025.

Kamal, A., Abdullah, S., & Anwar, S. (2021). “Relasi Kuasa Punggawa Sawi Dalam Arena Politik: Studi pada Komunitas Pedagang Antar Pulau di Desa Tarasu Kecamatan Kajuara Kabupaten Bone. Jurnal Sosio Sains, 7(1):72–82, https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/492693/relasi-kuasa-punggawa-sawi-dalam-arena-politik-studi-pada-komunitas-pedagang-ant, diakses tanggal 18 November 2025

Kusnadi. (2002). Konflik Sosial Nelayan: Kemiskinan dan Perebutan Sumber Daya Perikanan. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Kusnadi. (2013). Akar Kemiskinan Nelayan. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Mengge, B. (2019). Fishing Community in Patron-Client Relationship and Exploitation (A Case of Small-Scale Fishing Community in Makassar). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 9(2):110–117, https://doi.org/10.30845/ijhss.v9n2p14, diakses tanggal 7 Mei 2025.

Riessman, C. K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Royandi, E., Satria, A., & Saharuddin. (2018). “Kelompok Kepentingan dan Relasi Kuasa Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Laut Palabuhanratu,” Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, 8(2):163–173, https://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/jkse/article/view/7430, diakses tanggal 10 Mei 2025.

Sari, N. (2023). Problematika Pembangunan Masyarakat Nelayan: Studi Keadaan Pendidikan, Ekonomi dan Hubungan Sosial Masyarakat di Pesisir Pantai Galesong Selatan Kabupaten Takalar. Tesis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, Makassar.

Satria, A. (2009). Ekologi Politik Nelayan: Kemiskinan dan Perebutan Sumber Daya Alam. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Satria, A. (2015). Pengantar Sosiologi Masyarakat Pesisir. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Yustika, A. E. (2024). Ekonomi Politik Pesisir dan Ketimpangan Struktural di Indonesia. Malang: UB Press.