Manajemen Peternakan Berbasis Maqāṣid al-Syari‘ah: Upaya Mewujudkan Keamanan Pangan dan Kesejahteraan Umat (Farm Management Based on Maqāṣid al-Shari'ah: An Effort to Realize Food Security and Community Well-being )

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan Manajemen Peternakan Berbasis Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah sebagai upaya mewujudkan keamanan pangan dan kesejahteraan umat. Kajian dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur sistematis (systematic literature review) terhadap sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah (ḥifẓ al-dīn, al-nafs, al-‘aql, al-nasl, dan al-māl) menawarkan pendekatan holistik yang mengintegrasikan aspek teknis peternakan modern dengan nilai-nilai etika Islam. Implementasi paradigma ini terbukti mampu mensinergikan standar animal welfare (Five Freedoms) dengan konsep halal-thayyib, sekaligus memperkuat dimensi keberlanjutan dalam sistem produksi pangan asal ternak. Temuan kunci penelitian mengungkap bahwa integrasi maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah tidak hanya menjawab tantangan keamanan pangan melalui penjaminan produk yang halal dan thayyib, tetapi juga menciptakan sistem kesejahteraan yang inklusif melalui mekanisme zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf produktif. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya pengembangan model bisnis peternakan syariah, penyusunan standar sertifikasi terpadu halal-thayyib, serta penguatan kebijakan pangan yang selaras dengan prinsip maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah untuk mewujudkan ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan umat yang berkelanjutan.

ABSTRACT

This research examines the implementation of Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah-Based Livestock Management as an effort to achieve food security and communal welfare. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach with systematic literature review method on relevant primary and secondary sources. The results indicate that the maqāṣid al-syarī'ah framework (preservation of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and wealth) offers a holistic approach that integrates modern livestock technical aspects with Islamic ethical values. The implementation of this paradigm proves capable of synergizing animal welfare standards (Five Freedoms) with the halal-thayyib concept, while strengthening sustainability dimensions in livestock-based food production systems. Key findings reveal that the integration of maqāṣid al-syarī'ah not only addresses food security challenges through the assurance of halal and thayyib products but also creates an inclusive welfare system through mechanisms of zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and productive waqf. This study recommends the development of sharia-based livestock business models, the establishment of integrated halal-thayyib certification standards, and the strengthening of food policies aligned with maqāṣid al-syarī'ah principles to achieve sustainable food security and communal welfare.